Heart Anatomy

Here are short note about heart anatomy:

1. Heart is divided into 2 section by atrioventricular septum.
2. Heart consist of 4 chambers: Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle & left ventricle.
3. Heart consist of several valves:
    a) Tricuspid valve/ Atrioventricular valve: Located between right atrium & right ventricle.
    b) Mitral valve/ Bicuspid/ Atrioventricular valve: Located between left atrium & left ventricle.
    c) Aortic valve/ Semilunar valve: Located at the oarta.
    d) Pulmonary valve/ Semilunar valve: Located at the pulmonary veins.
4. The wall of left ventricle is thick rather than right ventricle.
5. Right coronary artery and left coronary artery are responsible to supply the blood to the heart itself.
6. The end of the heart is known as heart apex.
7. Blood vessels:
    a) Aorta
    b) Vena cava
    c) Pulmonary veins
    d) Pulmonary artery

Mechanism of Blood Circulation in The Heart:

1. Deoxygenized blood is transported from the cell by vena cava.
2. From vena cava, the deoxygenized blood enter right atrium.
3. From right atrium, the deoxygenized blood is pumped into right ventricle via tricuspid valve/ atrioventricular valve/
4. From right ventricle, the deoxygenized blood is pumped into pulmonary artery via pulmonary valve/ semilunar valve.
5. Pulmonary artery will transport the deoxygenized blood to the lung --> Gas exchange with oxygen
6. From the lung, the oxygenized blood is transported to the left atrium by pulmonary vein.
7. From left atrium, the oxygenized blood is pumped to the left ventricle via mitral valve/ bicuspid valve/ atrioventricular valve.
8. From left ventricle, the oxygenized blood is pumped to the aorta via aortic valve/ semilunar valve.
9. Aorta will distribute the oxygenized blood to the entire body (cells).

Heartbeat Mechanism

Everyday our heart still beating. Never stop until it reach the day. How our heart beating? There is a special mechanism happen in the heart. There are some electrical activities in the heart. To understand how heart beating, we have to know the special structure in the heart which is responsible in producing heartbeat.

1. SA node

2. AV node

3. Bundle of His/ Bundle branches

4. Purkinje fibers

All of these structure act as electrical pathway in the heart. These are the explanation how the heart beating.

1. SA node, located at the wall of right atria will produce some electrical signal. 

2. This signal spread to the AV node. AV node is located at the atrioventricular septum. 

3. AV node is stimulated by the signal causes more electrical signal been produced. These signal spread all over the atrial causes the atrial contraction.

4. From AV node, the signal spread to the heart apex via Bundle of His causes the contraction of heart apex.

5. These signal then spread to all over the ventricular muscle along Purkinje fibers causes the contraction of heart ventricular muscle.

These even will be continually happened till the end of our life.